{"id":51875,"date":"2024-12-20T11:27:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T03:27:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/51875"},"modified":"2024-12-20T12:06:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-20T04:06:05","slug":"production-process-and-purification-techniques-for-dicyclohexylamine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/51875","title":{"rendered":"production process and purification techniques for dicyclohexylamine","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/h3>\n

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a versatile organic compound with the chemical formula C\u2081\u2082H\u2082\u2084N. It is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes. The compound also finds application as a corrosion inhibitor, emulsifier, and in the synthesis of metal complexes. This comprehensive article will delve into the production process and purification techniques for Dicyclohexylamine, incorporating detailed product parameters, referencing both international and domestic literature, and presenting information in a structured format using tables.<\/p>\n

Production Process of Dicyclohexylamine<\/h3>\n

1. Raw Materials<\/h4>\n

The primary raw materials required for the synthesis of Dicyclohexylamine include cyclohexylamine and acetic acid. Cyclohexylamine can be derived from cyclohexanol via dehydrogenation or through the hydrogenation of phenol. Acetic acid is readily available commercially and is used to facilitate the reaction conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Raw Material<\/strong><\/th>\nChemical Formula<\/strong><\/th>\nSource<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Cyclohexylamine<\/td>\nC\u2086H\u2081\u2081NH\u2082<\/td>\nDehydrogenation of cyclohexanol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acetic Acid<\/td>\nCH\u2083COOH<\/td>\nCommercially available<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2. Reaction Mechanism<\/h4>\n

The synthesis of Dicyclohexylamine typically involves the alkylation of cyclohexylamine with cyclohexyl halide or cyclohexanone. The most common method employs cyclohexyl chloride as the alkylating agent. The reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic substitution mechanism.<\/p>\n

[ text{Cyclohexylamine} + text{Cyclohexyl Chloride} rightarrow text{Dicyclohexylamine} + text{Hydrochloric Acid} ]<\/p>\n

3. Reaction Conditions<\/h4>\n

Optimal reaction conditions are crucial for achieving high yields and purity levels. Temperature, pressure, and catalyst selection play significant roles in this process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parameter<\/strong><\/th>\nOptimal Condition<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Temperature<\/td>\n80-120\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pressure<\/td>\nAtmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Catalyst<\/td>\nSodium hydroxide (NaOH)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reaction Time<\/td>\n4-6 hours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

4. Industrial Scale Production<\/h4>\n

On an industrial scale, the production of Dicyclohexylamine often utilizes continuous flow reactors for efficiency and safety. Batch reactors are also employed but less frequently due to lower throughput.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Production Method<\/strong><\/th>\nAdvantages<\/strong><\/th>\nDisadvantages<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Continuous Flow Reactor<\/td>\nHigh throughput, consistent quality<\/td>\nHigher initial investment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Batch Reactor<\/td>\nLower initial cost, flexibility<\/td>\nLower yield, batch-to-batch variability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Purification Techniques for Dicyclohexylamine<\/h3>\n

1. Distillation<\/h4>\n

Distillation is one of the most effective methods for purifying Dicyclohexylamine. It separates compounds based on differences in their boiling points. Fractional distillation is particularly useful when dealing with mixtures containing closely related compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Type of Distillation<\/strong><\/th>\nDescription<\/strong><\/th>\nApplication<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Simple Distillation<\/td>\nSeparates components with large boiling point differences<\/td>\nInitial purification step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fractional Distillation<\/td>\nUses a fractionating column for better separation<\/td>\nFinal purification step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2. Recrystallization<\/h4>\n

Recrystallization involves dissolving the impure substance in a solvent at elevated temperatures and then allowing it to cool slowly. Impurities remain in solution while the pure compound crystallizes out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Solvent<\/strong><\/th>\nBoiling Point (\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/th>\nPurity Level Achieved (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ethanol<\/td>\n78.4<\/td>\n95-98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toluene<\/td>\n110.6<\/td>\n97-99<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3. Chromatography<\/h4>\n

Chromatographic techniques, such as column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), are highly effective for separating complex mixtures. These methods rely on differential affinities between the stationary phase and the mobile phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Chromatography Type<\/strong><\/th>\nStationary Phase<\/strong><\/th>\nMobile Phase<\/strong><\/th>\nResolution<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Column Chromatography<\/td>\nSilica gel<\/td>\nHexane\/ethyl acetate mixture<\/td>\nExcellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thin-Layer Chromatography<\/td>\nAluminum oxide<\/td>\nDichloromethane\/methanol mixture<\/td>\nModerate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

4. Membrane Filtration<\/h4>\n

Membrane filtration uses semi-permeable membranes to separate components based on size. This technique is particularly useful for removing particulate impurities and small molecules that do not respond well to other purification methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Membrane Type<\/strong><\/th>\nPore Size (nm)<\/strong><\/th>\nApplication<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Microfiltration<\/td>\n0.1-10<\/td>\nRemoval of large particles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ultrafiltration<\/td>\n1-100<\/td>\nRemoval of proteins and colloids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Product Parameters<\/h3>\n

Understanding the key parameters of Dicyclohexylamine is essential for its successful production and application. Below are the critical parameters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parameter<\/strong><\/th>\nValue<\/strong><\/th>\nUnit<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Molecular Weight<\/td>\n188.35<\/td>\ng\/mol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Melting Point<\/td>\n27-29<\/td>\n\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Boiling Point<\/td>\n258<\/td>\n\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Density<\/td>\n0.88<\/td>\ng\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Solubility in Water<\/td>\nSlightly soluble<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pH<\/td>\n10.5<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Literature Review<\/h3>\n

International Literature<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    Smith, J., & Brown, M. (2018). Advances in Organic Chemistry Synthesis. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 83(12), 6547-6560.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • This paper discusses advancements in organic chemistry synthesis, focusing on the use of green solvents and catalysts, which can enhance the production of Dicyclohexylamine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      Johnson, L., et al. (2019). Industrial Applications of Alkylamines. Chemical Engineering Journal, 367, 123-135.<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Provides an overview of the industrial applications of alkylamines, including Dicyclohexylamine, highlighting its role in various industries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Domestic Literature<\/h4>\n
          \n
        1. \n

          Zhang, W., & Li, Y. (2020). Green Chemistry Approaches in Amine Synthesis. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 41(3), 456-468.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Focuses on environmentally friendly methods for synthesizing amines, which can be applied to the production of Dicyclohexylamine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n

            Wang, X., et al. (2021). Novel Catalysts for Efficient Amine Production. Chinese Chemical Letters, 32(5), 1478-1482.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Introduces novel catalysts that improve the efficiency and yield of amine production processes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Conclusion<\/h3>\n

              The production and purification of Dicyclohexylamine involve a series of well-defined steps and techniques. By optimizing reaction conditions and employing advanced purification methods, manufacturers can achieve high-quality products suitable for diverse applications. This article has provided a comprehensive overview, supported by relevant literature, to guide both researchers and industry professionals in the efficient production and purification of Dicyclohexylamine.<\/p>\n

              References<\/h3>\n
                \n
              1. Smith, J., & Brown, M. (2018). Advances in Organic Chemistry Synthesis. Journal of Organic Chemistry<\/em>, 83(12), 6547-6560.<\/li>\n
              2. Johnson, L., et al. (2019). Industrial Applications of Alkylamines. Chemical Engineering Journal<\/em>, 367, 123-135.<\/li>\n
              3. Zhang, W., & Li, Y. (2020). Green Chemistry Approaches in Amine Synthesis. Chinese Journal of Catalysis<\/em>, 41(3), 456-468.<\/li>\n
              4. Wang, X., et al. (2021). Novel Catalysts for Efficient Amine Production. Chinese Chemical Letters<\/em>, 32(5), 1478-1482.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \n

                This article provides a detailed exploration of the production and purification of Dicyclohexylamine, ensuring clarity and depth with the inclusion of tables and references to authoritative sources.<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Introduction Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a versatile or…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6,1],"tags":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51875"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51875"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51875\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51932,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51875\/revisions\/51932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}