<\/p>\n
Structural formula<\/p>\n
Ethylene dichloride,<\/p>\n
Ethylidene dichloride,<\/p>\n
1,1-Ethylenedichloride,<\/p>\n
Ethylidene chloride,<\/p>\n
as-Dichloroethane,<\/p>\n
CH3CHCl2,<\/p>\n
Low toxicity solvent,<\/p>\n
Heat-sensitive extractants<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
CAS number:<\/b>75-34-3<\/p>\n
MDL number:<\/b>MFCD00013673<\/p>\n
EINECS number:<\/b>200-863-5<\/p>\n
RTECS number:<\/b>KI0175000<\/p>\n
BRN number:<\/b>1696901<\/p>\n
PubChem number:<\/b>24863006<\/p>\nPhysical property data<\/h2>\n
1. Properties: Colorless oily liquid with an ether smell and a saccharine sweetness. [1]<\/sup><\/p>\n2. Melting point (\u2103): -97[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n3. Boiling point (\u2103): 57.3[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n4. Relative density (water = 1): 1.17[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n5. Relative vapor Density (air=1): 3.92[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 24.34 (20\u2103)[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n7. Heat of combustion (kJ\/mol): -1098.4[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n8. Critical temperature (\u2103): 261.5[8] <\/sup><\/p>\n9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.05[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
2. Melting point (\u2103): -97[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n3. Boiling point (\u2103): 57.3[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n4. Relative density (water = 1): 1.17[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n5. Relative vapor Density (air=1): 3.92[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 24.34 (20\u2103)[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n7. Heat of combustion (kJ\/mol): -1098.4[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n8. Critical temperature (\u2103): 261.5[8] <\/sup><\/p>\n9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.05[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
3. Boiling point (\u2103): 57.3[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n4. Relative density (water = 1): 1.17[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n5. Relative vapor Density (air=1): 3.92[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 24.34 (20\u2103)[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n7. Heat of combustion (kJ\/mol): -1098.4[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n8. Critical temperature (\u2103): 261.5[8] <\/sup><\/p>\n9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.05[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
4. Relative density (water = 1): 1.17[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n5. Relative vapor Density (air=1): 3.92[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 24.34 (20\u2103)[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n7. Heat of combustion (kJ\/mol): -1098.4[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n8. Critical temperature (\u2103): 261.5[8] <\/sup><\/p>\n9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.05[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
5. Relative vapor Density (air=1): 3.92[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 24.34 (20\u2103)[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n7. Heat of combustion (kJ\/mol): -1098.4[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n8. Critical temperature (\u2103): 261.5[8] <\/sup><\/p>\n9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.05[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 24.34 (20\u2103)[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n7. Heat of combustion (kJ\/mol): -1098.4[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n8. Critical temperature (\u2103): 261.5[8] <\/sup><\/p>\n9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.05[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
7. Heat of combustion (kJ\/mol): -1098.4[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n8. Critical temperature (\u2103): 261.5[8] <\/sup><\/p>\n9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.05[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
8. Critical temperature (\u2103): 261.5[8] <\/sup><\/p>\n9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.05[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.05[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
10. Octanol\/water partition coefficient: 1.8 [10]<\/sup><\/p>\n11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
11. Flash point (\u2103): -17 (CC); 14 (OC) [11]<\/sup><\/p>\n12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
12 .Ignition temperature (\u2103): 458[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.4[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
14. Lower explosion limit (%): 5.6[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. [15]<\/sup><\/p>\n16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
16. Viscosity (mPa\u00b7s, 20\u00baC): 0.4983<\/p>\n
17. Flash point (\u00baC): 457.8<\/p>\n
18. Heat of evaporation (KJ\/mol, b.p.): 28.60<\/p>\n
19. Heat of fusion (KJ\/mol): 7.88<\/p>\n
20. Heat of formation (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, Liquid): 152.4<\/p>\n
21. Heat of combustion (KJ\/mol, 20\u00baC, liquid): 118.3 <\/p>\n
22. Specific heat capacity (KJ\/(kg\u00b7K), 20\u00baC, liquid, constant Pressure): 1.28<\/p>\n
23. Conductivity (S\/m, 25\u00baC): <1.7\u00d710-8<\/sup><\/p>\n24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
24. Relative density (25\u2103 , 4\u2103): 1.1679<\/p>\n
25. Refractive index at room temperature (n25<\/sup>): 1.4138<\/p>\n26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
26. Critical density (g\u00b7cm– 3<\/sup>): 0.42<\/p>\n27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
27. Critical volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 236<\/p>\n 28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
28. Critical compression factor: 0.275<\/p>\n
29. Eccentricity factor: 0.244<\/p>\n
30. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.628<\/p>\n
31. Lennard-Jones Parameter (K): 241.2<\/p>\n
32. Solubility parameter (J\u00b7cm-3<\/sup>)0.5<\/sup>: 18.330 <\/p>\n33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
33 .van der Waals area (cm2<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 6.330\u00d7109<\/sup><\/p>\n34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
34.van der Waals volume (cm3<\/sup>\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): 44.930<\/p>\n35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
35. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol– 1<\/sup>): -130.1<\/p>\n36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
36. Gas phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>) \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd305.17<\/p>\n37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
37. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -73.2<\/p>\n38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
38. Gas phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7 mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 76.32<\/p>\n39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
39. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ\u00b7mol-1 <\/sup>): -160.92<\/p>\n40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
40. Liquid phase standard entropy (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 211.75<\/sup> p><\/p>\n41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
41. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>): -76.32<\/p>\n42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
42. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J\u00b7mol-1<\/sup>\u00b7K-1<\/sup>): 126.27<\/p>\n<\/p>\nToxicological data<\/h2>\n1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
1. Acute toxicity[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\nLD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\nLC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
LD50: 725mg\/kg (rat oral)<\/p>\n
LC50: 16000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)<\/p>\n
2. Irritation<\/strong> No data available<\/p>\n3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
3. Asia Acute and chronic toxicity[17]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rats and guinea pigs inhaled 1000ppm, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 3 months, renal damage, increased urea nitrogen . <\/p>\n4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
4. Mutagenicity[18]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Sex chromosome deletion and non-disjunction: Aspergillus nidulans 2000ppm. Unprogrammed DNA synthesis: rat liver 13mmol\/L<\/p>\n5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
5. Teratogenicity[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> Rat pregnancy Inhalation of the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) of 6000ppm (7h) 6 to 15 days later can cause developmental malformations of the musculoskeletal system. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nEcological data<\/h2>\n1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
1. Ecotoxicity[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nLC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
LC50: 550ppm (96h) (bluegill sunfish, Static); 480ppm (96h) (Moonfish, static)<\/p>\n
2. Biodegradability[21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nAerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\nAnaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Aerobic biodegradation (h): 768~3696<\/p>\n
Anaerobic biodegradation (h): 3072~14784<\/p>\n
3. Abiotic Degradability[22]<\/sup> <\/strong>Photooxidation half-life in air – high (h): 247~2468<\/p>\n4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
4. Other harmful effects[23]<\/sup><\/strong><\/strong> <\/p>\nThis substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nMolecular structure data<\/h2>\n1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
This substance may be harmful to the environment and bioaccumulates in food chains important to humans, especially in aquatic organisms. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. Molar refractive index: 20.97<\/p>\n
2. Molar volume (cm3<\/sup>\/mol): 84.6<\/p>\n3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 185.9<\/p>\n
4. Surface tension (dyne\/cm): 23.2<\/p>\n
5. Polarizability (10-24<\/sup>cm3<\/sup>): 8.31<\/p>\n<\/p>\nCompute chemical data<\/h2>\n1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\nProperties and stability<\/h2>\n1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): 1.9<\/P><\/p>\n
2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0<\/p>\n
3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 0<\/p>\n
4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0<\/p>\n
5. Number of tautomers: none<\/p>\n
6. Topological molecule polar surface area 0<\/p>\n
7. Number of heavy atoms: 4<\/p>\n
8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n
9. Complexity: 11.5<\/p>\n
10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n
11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n
12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n
13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0 <\/p>\n
14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n
15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. The solubility is similar to that of 1,2-dichloroethane, but the solubility of silicone resin in 1,1-dichloroethane is 20 times greater than that of 1,2-dichloroethane at 29\u00b0C. A flammable liquid that catches fire more easily than 1,2-dichloroethane and generates highly toxic phosgene when burned. <\/p>\n
2. When this product undergoes chlorination reaction according to the free radical process in the liquid phase, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane are roughly produced in a ratio of 3:1. Ethyl chloride. Dehydrochlorination produces vinyl chloride. In the presence of chlorine or water vapor, it is heated to above 300\u00b0C with metallic sodium to generate ethylene. It reacts with benzene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to produce 1,1-diphenylethane. <\/p>\n
3. It is of low toxicity. Its toxicity to humans is similar to that of methyl chloride and chloroform, with strong local irritation and damage to the liver. In animal experiments, it was found that the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball was cloudy. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 400mg\/m3 (Japan); 820mg\/m3 (United States). The oral LD50 in rats is 14.1g\/kg. <\/p>\n
4. Stability[24]<\/sup><\/strong> Stable<\/p>\n5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
5. Incompatible substances[25] <\/sup><\/strong> Strong oxidants, acids, alkalis<\/p>\n6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
6. Conditions to avoid contact[26]<\/sup><\/strong> Heating<\/p>\n7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
7. Polymerization hazard[27]<\/sup><\/strong> No polymerization<\/p>\n8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
8. Decomposition products[28]<\/sup><\/strong> Hydrogen chloride, phosgene<\/p>\n<\/p>\nStorage method<\/h2>\nStorage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Storage Precautions[29]<\/sup> <\/sup><\/strong>Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37\u00b0C. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. <\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\nSynthesis method<\/h2>\nIndustrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\nPurpose<\/h2>\n1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Industrially, it is obtained from the liquid phase reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen chloride under the catalysis of aluminum chloride, ferric chloride or zinc chloride, using 1,1-dichloroethane as the medium. When 1,2-dichloroethane is produced by chlorination of ethylene, a small amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is also produced as a by-product. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. Used as an extraction agent for solvents and heat-sensitive substances. Not as good as 1,2-\ufffd in industrial applicationsEthyl chloride is widely used. It is a low toxicity solvent. Used as raw material for manufacturing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. <\/p>\n
2. Used as solvent, fumigant and intermediate in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. [30]<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/p>\n extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/dabco-tetn-catalyst-cas280-57-9-evonik-germany\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/947<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bis3-dimethylaminopropyl-N-CAS-33329-35-0-Tris3-dimethylaminopropylamine.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/43085<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dmcha-cas-98-94-2-n-dimethylcyclohexylamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/920<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/pc-cat-np80-catalyst-trimethylhydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamine\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/31<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/low-odor-catalyst-9727\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Structural formula Business number 01JJ Molecular formu…<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[532,15471],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"1,1-dichloroethane](\"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/5a1a21d571dd4cc384b417c1ee246468.gif\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n![https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:](\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/33-14.jpg\"){kind=link}